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Lots of variables...type of targets, the size and hardness of the shot, temperature outside, distance.

Summer day, white flyer target, 7.5 hard shot, 3-4 bb's should be enough @ 40-50yds.

Winter day, you might need 6-8 @ 40-50yds. 60-80yds, you might not beak them unless the pattern is centered.

Champion targets and some Bios, plan on using #6 shot for any kind of yardage Summer or Winter.
 
Without data taken from a high speed camera test like that which Winston provided, verbal and written claims are just that. Contact PAT and Outers and ask them to provide it. If they actually have any, (which I doubt), they should be glad to provide it. Until then, its just speculation that sounds good but may not be.
 
For standard issue clay birds I like the previously provided answer of 3, but for (now discontinued) Champion BioBirds I'd say 5.
 
No clue about the Champion or any other bio style target but in last 6-7 months many of us locally have observed strange performance with White Flyer Blackouts either the centers getting shot out, multiple hits with known quality on the ammo at normal average 16yard breaking distance etc.
 
If you want to prove to yourself that one pellet can break a target, it's easy. Shoot a couple of paper patterns, choke of your choice, at 35 yards and 40 yards. Take a wire coat hanger and bend a piece into a rectangle 2"x5". This is about the size that a moving target will present as a pattern passes through it. Slide it around on the 35 yard pattern. You will note that even in the 24" center that there are areas where only one or two pellets will be in the rectangle. Slide it around the 24"-30" area and you will really see some places where no pellets are in the rectangle. Now do the 40 yard pattern and you will understand why the very best shooters who can break 100 7 out of 10 times at 16 yards can only break 100 from the 27 1 out of every 100 times.
 
If you want to prove to yourself that one pellet can break a target, it's easy. Shoot a couple of paper patterns, choke of your choice, at 35 yards and 40 yards. Take a wire coat hanger and bend a piece into a rectangle 2"x5". This is about the size that a moving target will present as a pattern passes through it. Slide it around on the 35 yard pattern. You will note that even in the 24" center that there are areas where only one or two pellets will be in the rectangle. Slide it around the 24"-30" area and you will really see some places where no pellets are in the rectangle. Now do the 40 yard pattern and you will understand why the very best shooters who can break 100 7 out of 10 times at 16 yards can only break 100 from the 27 1 out of every 100 times.
Iam not sure your 2”x5” wire figure placed on and around a static pattern is a true indicator of patterns potential since a size 7.5 started at 1200fps should still be traveling around or slightly over 500mph at 35yds while a claytarget started at 41mph will only be traveling at approximately 30mph at 35yds.
It would seem when comparing speed of pellets versus speed of target that additional pellets could pass through those areas while the target is at this point.
 
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